A method of illustrating relationships and patterns in system behaviours by representing two or more system variables in a controlled way.
People understand the way the world works by identifying relationships and patterns in or between systems. One of the powerful methods of identifying and understanding these relationships is to represent information in controlled ways so that comparisons can be made.
Key techniques for making valid comparisons are
- Apple to apple
- Single context
- Benchmarks
Apple to Apple:
Comparison data should be presented using common measures and common units.
Single context:
Comparison data should be presented in a single context, so that subtle differences and pattern in the data are detectable.
For example, the ability to detect patterns across multiple graphs is lower if the graphs are located on separate pages versus the same page.
Common methods of representing information in single contexts include the use of a small number of displays that combine many variables (versus many separate displays), and multiple small views of system states (known as small multiples) in a single display (versus multiple displays).
Why This Matters:
- Easier Pattern Detection: When information is presented in a single context, the brain can more easily detect differences and similarities. You don’t have to rely on memory or flipping between pages to compare data.
- Efficiency: It saves time and reduces cognitive load because you can absorb all the information at once without needing to mentally piece together scattered data.
Benchmarks:
a country’s debt can appear serious when depicted as a quantity, but irrelevant when presented as a percentage of GNP. Common types of benchmark data include past performance data. competitor data, or data from well-accepted industry standards.